|
Harvey Joshua Levin (July 1, 1924 – April 30, 1992) was an American economist. He was university research professor in the Department of Economics at Hofstra University (1989–92), Augustus B. Weller Professor of Economics at Hofstra (1964–89), and founder and director of its Public Policy Workshop (1975–92). He was also a senior research associate at the Center for Policy Research.〔Hofstra University Archives Faculty Collection: (Harvey J. Levin )〕 Levin is generally considered the first economist to propose the auctioning of broadcast frequencies as a means of allocating the airwaves as a natural resource. His work anticipated the evolution of television, satellites, cellular telephones, electronic remote boxes and wireless internet, and their demands on increasingly congested airwaves.〔''Resources'', ("RFF Redux: Revisiting ''The Invisible Resource – Use and Regulation of the Radio Spectrum''" ), Fall 1996 issue〕〔''Resources'', ("Reflections" ), Molly K. Macauley, Summer 2002 issue〕〔''National Journal'', "Ideas Change the World – And One Think Tank Quietly Did," Jonathan Rauch, October 5, 2002〕〔Resources for the Future 50th Anniversary Symposium, October 15, 2002〕 He consulted for the President's Office of Telecommunications Management, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the FCC's Public Advisory Committee on the World Administrative Radio Conferences (WARC88), the Office of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress, the General Accounting Office, the Committee for Economic Development, the Department of Justice/Antitrust Division, and the Federal Trade Commission/Bureau of Economics.〔Hofstra University Archives Faculty Collection: (Harvey J. Levin )〕 ==History== For forty years spanning five decades, Levin researched, published, and proposed innovative economic and regulatory solutions that anticipated — and later addressed — the problems of competing rights and access to the airwaves, or electromagnetic spectrum, and its overuse and congestion. According to his colleagues, he was several decades ahead of his time in addressing the economic ramifications of the radio spectrum, long before others were concerned with the airwaves as a resource.〔''Resources'', ("RFF Redux: Revisiting ''The Invisible Resource – Use and Regulation of the Radio Spectrum''" ), Fall 1996 issue〕〔''Resources'', ("Reflections" ), Molly K. Macauley, Summer 2002 issue〕〔''National Journal'', "Ideas Change the World – And One Think Tank Quietly Did," Jonathan Rauch, October 5, 2002〕〔Resources for the Future 50th Anniversary Symposium, October 15, 2002〕 Focusing on its political ramifications, Levin’s work is also considered by many economists to be the first to illustrate the economic necessity and benefits of equitable, global allocation of the airwaves as a limited resource, and diversification of its ownership.〔''Resources'', ("RFF Redux: Revisiting ''The Invisible Resource – Use and Regulation of the Radio Spectrum''" ), Fall 1996 issue〕〔''Resources'', ("Reflections" ), Molly K. Macauley, Summer 2002 issue〕〔''National Journal'', "Ideas Change the World – And One Think Tank Quietly Did," Jonathan Rauch, October 5, 2002〕〔Resources for the Future 50th Anniversary Symposium, October 15, 2002〕 He continued to penetrate the frontiers of communications economics even after it evolved into a highly pertinent field〔National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences conference, June 15, 1987 (audio recording)〕〔Levin, Harvey J., (''Harvesting the Invisible Resource – Global Spectrum Management for Balanced Information Flows'' ), 1991〕 — an evolution due, in large part, to his own contributions.〔''CITI 1993–1994 Annual Report'', "Affiliated Research Fellows: In Memory of Harvey Levin," Columbia Institute for Tele-Information, Columbia University School of Business〕〔Hofstra University News Bureau, ("Papers of Communications Economics Pioneer on Exhibit" ), August 1994〕 His colleagues in the field even complained that they were unable to complete the writing of a book he had started at the time of his death because his work was "too advanced" and far-reaching.〔Levin, Harvey J., (''Harvesting the Invisible Resource – Global Spectrum Management for Balanced Information Flows'' ), 1991〕 Although he was a stickler for scientific evidence and economic viability, he also viewed economics as an art, and saw it as a vehicle for facilitating social progress. Among his proposals was a pricing mechanism that, in effect, ensured that latecomer users and emerging, underdeveloped countries would not be deprived of their use of the airwaves by the world powers or monopolies controlling the market.〔National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences conference, June 15, 1987 (audio recording)〕〔Levin, Harvey J., (''Harvesting the Invisible Resource – Global Spectrum Management for Balanced Information Flows'' ), 1991〕 One of his last projects involved getting countries with satellites in orbit above less-industrialized nations to pay a kind of rent.〔Hofstra University News Bureau, "Personal Papers of Telecommunications Pioneer Donated to Hofstra University," January 27, 1994〕〔''Newsday'', "Harvey Joshua Levin, Professor at Hofstra", Estelle Lander, May 4, 1992〕 In pioneering the economics of the airwaves and space satellites by proposing market-based approaches to utilizing the spectrum, Levin was often met with skepticism and dismissal by government and industry officials — even, initially, disbelief that the airwaves were a resource at all. It prompted his creation of the phrase "The Invisible Resource", also the name of his 1971 book, which revolutionized the field.〔''Resources'',("RFF Redux: Revisiting ''The Invisible Resource – Use and Regulation of the Radio Spectrum''" ), Fall 1996 issue〕〔''Resources'', ("Reflections" ), Molly K. Macauley, Summer 2002 issue〕〔''National Journal'', "Ideas Change the World – And One Think Tank Quietly Did," Jonathan Rauch, October 5, 2002〕〔Resources for the Future 50th Anniversary Symposium, October 15, 2002〕 Harvey J. Levin testifying in the 1970s 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harvey J. Levin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
